等离子弧加热切削工程陶瓷试验

主要阐述了采用自制新型水介质等离子弧设备对氮化硅陶瓷材料进行加热辅助切削的试验条件及过程。通过对加工后刀具磨损的测量,总结出在热源距离h=8mm,电流I=6A,电压U=140V的热源条件下,采用V=450r/min、f=0·08mm/r和ap=0·2mm的切削用量时,刀具磨损比较小,切削效果理想。该试验说明了应用该小功率水介质等离子弧辅助加热切削氮化硅陶瓷材料的方法可行而有效,能够大大降低加工成本,对促进工程陶瓷材料的更广泛应用具有重要意义。     

应变率和绝热软化对空腔膨胀影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究金属材料球形空腔膨胀的空腔面径向应力与膨胀速度关系.理想弹塑性模型和幂次硬化模型的模拟结果与理论解吻合得非常好,验证了该方法的有效性.在此基础上研究了应变率和绝热软化效应对空腔面径向力和膨胀速度的影响.结果表明,综合考虑应变率和热效应的侵深预测结果与试验值吻合得很好,只考虑应变率而不计热效应会高估...     

洁净手术室的消防安全疏散设计

结合结构及功能特点分析了洁净手术室的火灾危险性,从消防安全疏散总体要求、不同通道形式疏散设计以及疏散门设计几个方面探讨了洁净手术室的消防安全疏散设计,为其消防安全设计提供参考。     

大口径火炮身管热弯曲计算与试验

建立火炮在阳光照射下身管上下表面温度场、热弯曲及炮口角的计算模型。以某大口径长身管火炮为实例,计算该炮的炮口弯曲量与炮口角,进行自然阳光照射与环境模拟条件下的热弯曲试验,验证计算模型与计算结果的正确性与可信性;提出通过测量身管上下表面温度快速求取火炮身管不同环境温度及温差下的弯曲量与炮口角的工程应用方法。     

城市消防规划若干问题探讨

近几年,我国火灾形势严峻,城市发生重特大火灾事故次数和火灾直接经济损失都呈上升趋势,其主要原因在于城市消防规划落后于城市建设的发展。因此,加快城市消防规划和城市公共消防设施的发展,建立城市消防安全体系,对于提高城市预防火灾的能力至关重要。     

Defining quantitative criteria for the physical protection system effectiveness of nuclear facilities

The article is devoted to problems of defining quantitative criteria for the physical protection system (PPS) effectiveness of nuclear facilities. The article briefly describes the scheme of the PPS development used in the nuclear industry in Russia, gives a review of existing approaches to defining the minimal acceptable value of the system's effectiveness, and reveals advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. The article describes in detail an approach based on facility categorization by potential losses and a technique of defining the minimal acceptable value of the PPS effectiveness developed on its base.     

基于大数据的战区联合作战装备保障决策

大数据技术在决策领域的不断应用,将给装备保障决策方式带来重大变革。本文研究基于大数据的战区联合作战装备保障决策问题,提升信息化条件下装备保障准确、高效的决策方式等方面发挥重大作用。阐述了大数据的基本内涵,在决策领域的应用价值。通过系统推理的方法对战区联合作战装备保障决策的分析,提出基于大数据的战区联合作战装备保障决策基本构想,画出科学决策过程示意图,构建大数据战区联合作战装备保障辅助决策系统。结合研究大数据在战区联合作战装备保障决策领域的现实情况,提出相对应的措施建议。     

US warfare in Somalia and the trade-off between casualty-aversion and civilian protection

This article examines the ways in which the two normative concerns of casualty-aversion and civilian protection influenced US military strategy in the particular context of the asymmetric conflict in Somalia in the early 1990s. The article critically evaluates US military operations through the prism of international humanitarian law and examines whether American forces started prioritizing casualty-aversion over the safeguarding of Somali civilians. Finally, by drawing on emerging moral guidelines (such as Michael Walzer's idea of ‘due care’), the article examines whether lower numbers of Somali civilian deaths could have been achieved if marginal increases to the risks faced by US soldiers had been accepted.     

太阳能热推力器二次聚光器再生冷却过程

为克服太阳能热推力器折射式二次聚光器容易破裂的缺点,本文采用再生冷却技术,对二次聚光器与推力室进行了一体化设计,并对该过程进行了流动与传热仿真。仿真结果表明,该设计可有效地降低聚光器的工作温度至1600K以下,热应力分析表明可有效降低其破裂的可能性。同时该设计可预热推进剂至500K以上,提高了系统的能量利用效率。通过进一步对吸收腔内的热辐射分析发现,工质流动对吸收腔壁温影响较小,吸收腔壁面仍然可以维持2400-2600K的高温。     

Police Corruption: Towards a Working Definition

According to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) publication Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, all civilians (including child soldiers) lose their immunity from direct targeting ‘for so long as’ their actions amount to direct participation in hostilities. All civilians can, however, access the revolving door of protection and return to their civilian activities – complete with full immunity from direct targeting – provided the nature of their direct participation was spontaneous and disorganised. Once it can be ascertained that their participation in hostilities amounts to continuous combative functions, they relinquish their access to the revolving door of protection, and can be targeted at all times until they abandon their formal or functional membership of the belligerent group. This piece analyses how the revolving door phenomenon and the notion of continuous combative functions apply in instances where civilian child soldiers are directly participating in hostilities.